Lesson 5

The Temporal Mood (when)
(for the future or present)
(Affirmative)
 

The following conjugation is used to indicate the temporal mood in (for the future or present)

This mood is conjugated as follows using the verb "saji" which means "to speak" :-

ai-xan-saji : when I speak
ak-xan-saji : when you speak (m)
are-xan-saji : when you speak (f)
af-xan-saji : when he speaks
as-xan-saji : when she speaks
an-xan-saji : when we speak
areten-xan-saji : when you speak(pl)
au-xan-saji : when they speak
are-xan pason saji : when my brother speaks

N.B. this mood can also indicate the conditional mood which begins by " if "
e.g. :- ai-xan-saji : if I speak

To differentiate "between the Temporal & the conditional moods, we can add the word "hotan" for Temporal mood" :-

hotan ai-xan-saji : when I speak
& we can add the word "exwp" for conditional mood " :-
exwp ai-xan-saji : if I speak

N.B. Remember that " x " represents the English pronunciation of "sh", i.e. the Coptic word "xan" is pronounced as the English word " shun ".

The Temporal Mood (when)
(for the future or present)
(negative)

This mood is conjugated as follows using the verb "saji" which means "to speak" :-
 

aixtem-saji : when I do not speak
akxtem-saji : when you do not speak (m)
arextem-saji : when you do not speak (f)
afxtem-saji : when he does not speak
asxtem-saji : when she does not speaks
anxtem-saji : when we do not speak
aretenxtem saji : when you do not speak
auxtem -saji : when they do not speak
arextem pason saji : when my brother do not speak

nane tooui = good mornig
nane rouhi = good evening
nane jwrh = good night
noufi = Hi , Hello, bye = Arabic " sa`eedah "
oujai = goodbye. ( also it can mean "Hello " )

Pronunciation:-

tooui (to-oui ) is pronounced as the English words " to" & " we " if put in juxta position, i.e. beside each other, i.e. pronounced " to - we ".

Revision of pronunciation:-

Coptic "u" & also Coptic "ou" sometimes as English "w".

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Lesson 6

The Temporal Mood
( for the past tense)
(Affirmative)

This mood is conjugated as follows using the verb "saji" which means "to speak" :-
 

etai-saji : when I spoke ( etai = ete + ai )
etak-saji : when you spoke (masc )
etare-saji : when you spoke ( fem )
etaf-saji : when he spoke
etas-saji : when she spoke
etan-saji : when we spoke
etareten-saji : when you spoke ( pl )
etau-saji : when they spoke
eta pason saji : when my brother spoke

The Temporal Mood
(for the past tense)
(negative)

This mood is conjugated as follows using the verb "saji" which means "to speak" :-

etempi- saji : when I did not speak
etempek- saji : when you did not speak (m)
etempe- saji : when you did not speak (f)
etempef- saji : when he did not speak
etempes- saji : when she did not speak
etempen- saji : when we did not speak
etempeten- saji : when you did not speak (pl)
etempou- saji : when they did not speak
etempe pason saji : when my brother did not speak

Phrases & sentences:-
 

aknehsi ? : Have you woken ? ( masculine )
arenehsi : Have you woken ? ( feminine )
aha, ainehsi :Yes, I woke up (first perfect tense )
nane : well / `nsaie : well
akenkot `nsaie? : Did you sleep well ? (m)
areenkot `nsaie? : Did you sleep well ? (f)
aha, aienkot `nsaie? : Yes, I slept well ?
akkyn ? : Have you finished ? (first perfect tense )
aha, aikyn : Yes, I finished. (first perfect tense )
arekyn : Have you finished ? (f)
`mmon, `mpikyn : No, I have not finished
`mpi :( First Perfect Tense : negative )
`mmon, `mpikyn xa tinou: No, I have not finished till now ( i.e. : I have not yet finished )
aikyn ejwlh : I finished dressing (i.e. putting on my clothes) (literally: I finished to dress)
akkyn ejwlh? : Have you finished to dress?
tixep`hmot : Thank you :-
( First Present Tense ) ( Literally : I thank)
tixephmot `nten `Fnouti : I thank God.
tixephmot `ntotk : I thank you (m)
tixephmot `ntoti I thank you (f)
tixephmot `ntenTynou I thank you ( pl )
The answer " You are welcome " or " Don`t mention "is "`mmon `hli" which literally means "nothing ", & can be abbreviated to "`hli".

N.B. : Usually Coptic verbs are followed by a preposition which joins them with (or separates them from ) what follows , e.g.
The verb "xephmot" which means " to thank " is followed by the preposition "`nten "

Explanation:-

"xep`hmot" is an expression which means "to receive a favour"
This expression is used to express the meaning "to thank" & "`nten" is a compound preposition which means "from the hand of "& "`Fnouti" means " the God ".
" tixep`hmot `nten `Fnouti ": " I thank God " : literally means :- "I receive a favour from the hand of God" .

( First Present Tense )

The Preposition "`nten " is declined with the personal pronouns as follows:-

`ntot : from my hand
`ntotk : from your hand (m)
`ntoti : from your hand (f)
`ntotf : from his hand
`ntots : from her hand
`ntoten : from our hand
`ntentynou : from your hand
`ntotou : from their hand

The preposition "`nten" or ("`ntot") is formed from the preposition "`n" and the noun "ten" or ("tot") which means "hand". The noun "ten" ( or "tot " )is declined with the personal pronouns as follows:-

tot : my hand /totk : your hand (m) /toti : your hand (f) /totf : his hand /tots : her hand / toten : our hand /tenTynou : your hand / totou : their hand

Note that before "tynou" we use "ten" not "tot".

Also before a noun we use "`nten" not "`ntot":" tixep`hmot `nten `Fnouti " This form "`nten" is called the construct or prenominal form while "tot" is called the pronominal form.

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